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Can Mali Maintain Its Gold Mining Status?

Oct 09, 2017   •   by   •   Source: Proshare   •   eye-icon 3269 views

Monday, October 09, 2017 9:51 AM / By Joao Peixe for Oilprice.com

Mali's gold exports are falling, and new discoveries aren't enough to make up forthe loss of its giant legacy mines, where production is already dead or windingdown, and the fate of one of the biggest of them all—Sadiola—now hangs in thebalance. 

The world-class Sadiola gold mine needs an investment of $380 million to keepit open for another 10 years, accessing 3.4 million ounces in reserves. 

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But there are signals that negotiations over the deal to extend the productive life ofSadiola by at least another decade have stalled within the government, puttingthe investment at risk. 

The reason for the stalled negotiations remain unclear, but what's at stake forMali is as visible as ever: Sadiola is crucial for Mali's reputation as one ofAfrica's top three gold producers. Next to this, it is a crucial lifeline fornew jobs and much-needed state revenues. 

How the stalled negotiations over Sadiola are resolved could be a litmus testfor a government heading into elections next year—and a government thatrelies heavily on foreign aid, while working hard to create an attractiveinvestment climate. 

The investment climate in theory has improved immensely in recent years, butputting this into practice has proved to be challenging in this terrain. 

So far, it's been moving in the right direction. But many industry eyes will beon the Sadiola deal ahead of the Invest in Mali Forum 2017, which will be held in Bamako in early December and supported by the WorldBank. 

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Sadiola—ALegacy with a Lot More Gold to Give 

The Sadiola mine is a joint venture between Canadian minerIAMGOLD (NYSE:IAG) (TSX:IMG) with 41 percent, operator AngloGold Ashanti(NYSE:AU) with 41 percent, and the Government of Mali with 18 percent. 

Located in southwest Mali near the border with Senegal in a remote part of theKayes region, the giant Sadiola permit covers 302 square kilometers. 

The existing plant was built to process soft rock, or oxides, and the soft rockis now running out. But Sadiola has much more to give with the massivehard-rock, or sulphides, deposit that lies beneath the depleted oxides. This isnow a ‘hard rock' story, and IAMGOLD and AngloGold Ashanti are keen to investin a major plant modification that would enable hard-rock processing. 

The Sadiola mine has had a major, positive economic impact on Mali since itopened in 1997, following liberalization of the sector. That same year, goldhad already become the primary source of Mali's foreign currency. By 1999, ithad become its biggest export. By 2001, Mali had risen to become the third topgold producer in Africa. 

It wouldn't have happened without Sadiola—one of three key mines behind Mali'spreeminence as an African gold giant. The other two mines are Morila andYatela. 

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The Morila mine, owned by Randgold Resources, AngloGold Ashanti and thegovernment, is scheduled to be closed down in 2019, after producing over 200 tonnes ofgold since it opened in 2000. 

Yatela—a joint venture between IAMGOLD with 40 percent, operator AngloGoldAshanti with 40 percent and the Government of Mali with 20 percent—has alreadyreached the end of its productive life, and closure activities continue. 

Originally, Yatela's planned mine life would have seen it closed in 2007. Butthe exploration efforts of IAMGOLD and AngloGold Ashanti extended the life ofthe mine by an exceptional seven years. The partners continually opened upadditional economically exploitable deposits at Yatela, pushing the closureback repeatedly. 

But Yatela is much more expensive to exploit than Sadiola, which has beenproducing gold at a lower total cash cost. 

If negotiations fail over the terms necessary to invest in Sadiola's ‘hardrock' gold, much could be lost. 

What's at Stakefor Mali 

Mali's industrial gold production rose negligibly from 2015 to 2016, with 2015 comingin at 46.5 tonnes and 2016 just squeaking past at 46.9 tonnes, according to Reuters. But total gold exports fared evenworse, falling from 70 tonnes to 67 tonnes during that same period. 

With Morila winding down, Yatela closed, and Sadiola stuck in apparentbureaucratic purgatory, the next couple of years will be an uphill struggle tomaintain production—even with new discoveries. 

Mali's state revenues from mining companies rose only 1 percent last year—butit wasn't due to an uptick in exports; rather, gold prices saw a bit of a bump. 

Indeed, industrial gold production will fall this year to 45 tonnes, with nonew mines slated to come online until 2018—if all goes well. 

With gold representing about 25-30 percent of government revenues, getting moreout of a giant legacy mine like Sadiola is critical. 

So, what's at stake? Nearly 56,000 tonnes of ore containing 3.4 million ounces of gold.And these are proven and probable reserves, which already have a demonstratedeconomic viability. 

Though the ‘soft rock' is nearing depletion, the ‘hard rock' is bursting at theseams, and Sadiola is ready to fast-track its expansive development. Butgetting past the politics in Mali is no easy task—even when you have a trackrecord of extending the life of another legacy mine—Yatela—for seven years. 

Sadiola has been operating for 20 years. Because the soft rock is beingdepleted, production has dropped from 600,000 ounces in 2000 to less than200,000 ounces today. 

But it could go for another ten years if IAMGOLD and AngloGold Ashanti aregiven the green light to invest some $380 million to process the hard rock. 

Not only government revenues would increase, the investment would createadditional jobs for Malians. 

Sadiola, with soft-rock production slowing, is now employing around 1,000people, 93 percent of whom are Malian nationals. If Sadiola's hard-rockexpansion plans are green-lighted, it would not just protect, but expand thosejobs for a country that is struggling to keep its growing numbers of youngpeople gainfully employed. 

And for Mali, this means much more than putting food on the table. For thegovernment, it means security. With over half of the Malian population under the age of 35, and that figure expected todouble by 2030, there is a direct link between unemployment and crime or terrorism.And when criminal-terrorist groups offer money for new recruits, security isincreasingly compromised. 

Getting theGold Out 

The Sadiola mine is surrounded by some 46 villages and a few hamlets, as wellas a mining village created specifically for Sadiola employees, with housing, amedical clinic, recreation facilities, a supermarket, a sewage treatmentfacility and recreation facilities, among other things. 

Water comes from a 55-kilometer pipeline from the Senegal River, providing thevillages with drinking water and the mine with water for operations. The siteand its surrounding villages are powered using diesel-fueled generators. 

Sadiola's expansion project will use existing infrastructure, but also buildnew infrastructure. The plan is to connect the mine to the Malian power grid,which may also facilitate distribution of electricity to local villages. 

But 2018 is an election year, and in Mali, this means uncertainty, especiallyfor the fate of mining deals, but also for the investment climate as a whole. 

IAMGOLD, for one, is closely watching the developments, and what they mightmean for the investment environment. 

In an interview with Oilprice.com, IAMGOLD CEO Stephen J.J. Letwin noted thatthe “Sadiola mine has been a remarkable success for all stakeholders in Malifor two decades.” 

The Canadian giant has operating mines in Burkina Faso, Suriname, Mali and Canada,and exploration projects in Senegal, Brazil, Mali, Canada and Nicaragua. 

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While Essakane, in Burkina Faso, is IAMGOLD's biggest mine and its most prolific,Mali was “the birthplace of our company,” Letwin said. “And we will always becommitted to exploring opportunities in Mali, and West Africa more generally.” 

IAMGOLD did not comment on rumors of a possible deadlock over the Sadiola deal. 

To make Sadiola work for Mali and its people, the energy-intensive expansion toaccess the deep sulphides requires a world-class miner and the right economics.The gold is there, the economics are there from a mining perspective, and theminer has been there successfully for 20 years and is particularly known for anintense focus on mine optimization—but the government, whose representativesare struggling for political capital ahead of crucial elections, is hamstrung. 

In the meantime, 3.4 million ounces of gold remain stuck in the hard-rock atSadiola.

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